Formal Model Article Format
Food and Ecological Systems Modelling Journal 6: e165232
https://doi.org/10.3897/fmj.6.165232 (10 Dec 2025)
https://doi.org/10.3897/fmj.6.165232 (10 Dec 2025)
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Article title
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Abstract
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Key words
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Introduction
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Aims and purpose
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Theoretical framework and modelling approach
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Overview of processes
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Growth and development
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Eggs
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Larvae
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Pupae
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Implementation in the model
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Phenology
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Foraging and activity
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Larvae
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Adults
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Implementation in the model
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Reproduction
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Implementation in the model
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Adult dispersal
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Implementation in the model
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Mortality
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Parasitoids and other biological agents
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Implementation in the model
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Pesticide responses
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Intake exposure pathway
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Overspray and contact exposure pathways
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Toxicology
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Other mortalities
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Implementation in the model
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Soil moisture
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Discussion
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Behavioural and ecological complexity
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Pesticide exposure pathways
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Model limitations and uncertainties
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Implications for risk assessment
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Framing the model
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Domain of applicability
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Key biological processes not included
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Evolutionary and adaptive responses
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Social information and learning
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Microhabitat selection and refugia
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Host plant quality and preference
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Sublethal and transgenerational effects
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Interactions with other species
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Climate variability and extreme events
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Mortality dynamics
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Philosophical boundaries
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Implications of model framing
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Acknowledgments
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Additional information
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Conflict of interest
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Ethical statement
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Use of AI
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Funding
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Author contributions
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Author ORCIDs
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Data availability
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References
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