The modelling cycle as it is often applied to ecological models. The Formal Model as described in this article occupies the top-right quadrant.

 
  Part of: Topping CJ, Kondrup Marcussen L, Thomsen P, Chetcuti J (2022) The Formal Model article format: justifying modelling intent and a critical review of data foundations through publication. Food and Ecological Systems Modelling Journal 3: e91024. https://doi.org/10.3897/fmj.3.91024